Vaginal Spermicides

What Is It?

Spermicides are chemicals (usually nonoxynol-9) that inactivate or kill sperm. They are available as aerosols (foams), creams, vaginal tablets, suppositories, and dissolvable films. (The Centers for Disease Control does not recommend spermicidal condoms for use in high-risk individuals.)

How Does It Work?

Kills sperm. Some forms block sperm from entering the cervix. Fertilization does not occur.

How Is It Used?

Placed inside the vagina by hand or with an applicator before sex. May be placed on condoms, or inside diaphragm or cervical cap.

How Well Does It Work?

Typical use (spermicide only): 74%. Perfect use (spermicide only): 94%. Using a condom with spermicide increases effectiveness up to 99.9%. Some types are not effective until 10-15 minutes after placing in vagina; follow instructions. Only effective for about one hour when used alone. Additional application for each act of intercourse.

What Are Its Main Advantages?

Reversible. No prescription needed. Available at most drugstores.

What Are Some Possible Problems?

May cause irritation or discomfort. Increase risk of vaginal and urinary tract infections. Some individuals are allergic to spermicides. Proper use may interrupt "sexual mood". May leak and feel messy.