IUD (intrauterine device)

What Is It?

The intrauterine device (IUD) is a small T-shaped flexible device inserted by a trained medical provider into the uterine cavity and is left in place 5-10 years depending on the type of IUD.

How Does It Work?

May inactivate sperm and/or egg, preventing fertilization. Creates an inflammatory condition in the uterus preventing implantation of fertilized egg.

How Is It Used?

Requires a simple medical procedure for insertion and removal. The device is placed into the uterus, where it remains until it is removed. The woman can check the correct placement of the device by feeling for the string.

How Well Does It Work?

The ParaGard^® (Copper T 380A) is effective for up to 10 years. It contains copper. Typical use: 99.2%. Perfect use: 99.4%.

The Mirena^® is effective for 5 years. It contains the hormone progestin. Typical use: 99.3%. Perfect use: 99.5%.

What Are Its Main Advantages?

Reversible method. Does not interfere with sex. Nothing to remember (except checking the string). Long-acting; 5-10 years

What Are Some Possible Problems?

Up to 10% of women expel IUD during the first year of use. Insertion requires a minor medical procedure which may be somewhat uncomfortable. Must be removed by a clinician. Possible uterine perforation at time of insertion. May cause menstrual problems, including heavy bleeding and cramps. IUD may not stay in place (may fall out , move out of reach or become imbedded). Partner may feel the string during sex.

What are the warning signs?

Abdominal pain (severe), chest pain (severe) or shortness of breath, headaches (severe), eye problems such as blurred vision or loss vision, severe leg pain (calf or thigh)